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Genetics
- Ad-mixture (aka Ethnicity Mix)
- Allosomes (Sex chromosomes X & Y)
- Autosomes (Chromosomes 1-22)
- Base Pair
- CE Testing (1st Wave)
- centiMorgan (cM)
- Chromosomes
- Clade
- Cladogram
- dbSNP, rsID, NIH, etc
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Derived & Ancestral
- Endogamy or Pedigree Collapse
- epigenetics
- Gene
- Genetic Marker
- Genome Build (aka Reference Model)
- Genotyping
- Haplogroup
- Haploid & Diploid
- Haplotype
- Imputation
- Low Coverage Sequencing
- Meiosis & Mitosis
- Microarray Testing (2nd Wave)
- Microarray File Formats (aka RAW)
- Mito Build (rCRS, Yoruba, RSRS)
- Mitochondria
- Modal
- Null Allele
- Pangenome
- Phylogenetic Tree
- Probes, Primers, Adaptors and Tags
- Recombination (aka Cross-Overs)
- Sampling Techniques
- Sequencing (3rd Wave)
- Sequencing File Formats
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
- Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
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Genealogy
- Ahnentafel number
- Ancestor and Descendant
- Birth, Marriage and Death (BMD)
- Branches
- Consanguinity
- Cousins
- Deep Ancestry
- Earliest Known Ancestor (EKA)
- Family (Nuclear, and Household)
- Genealogical Exchange Database (GEDCom)
- Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)
- Genealogical Records
- Genealogical Time Frame (aka last 500 years)
- Genealogical Tool
- Genealogical Trees
- Generation Difference (GD)
- Individuals
- Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- Née
- Not Parent Expected (NPE)
- One-Tree (aka World Tree)
- Patriline & Matriline
- Places
- Repositories
- Siblings
- Sources
- Surname, One-Name and Family Branch Studies
- Years Before Present (ybp)
- (Genetic Genealogy) Terms
- Genetics Industry
- (Genetic Genealogy and Ancient DNA) Industry
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- Haplotype
The term Haplotype and Haplogroup are similar and not used in genetic genealogy and population genetics exactly as they have been more strictly defined in genetics, in general. So any definition here is subject to criticism depending on the group you follow.
In genetic genealogy, the haplotype is the determined STR values of an individuals' yDNA chromosome. Specifically, the testing of the non-recombining portions of the Y chromosome. And testing for stable STR values that generally occur in the non-coding region of the DNA. So, for genetic genealogy purposes, associate haplotype with a yDNA STR testing result.
The number of STR markers tested and the value result of each marker determines the haplotype. There are over 500 known STR markers on the Y chromosome. The comparison of haplotypes is often expressed as a genetic distance.
Genetic genealogists have been able to time-order STR value changes within family branches by utilizing the genealogy of the testers. Sometimes this order is expressed in a tree-like diagram. A mis-appropriated term used to describe these tree diagrams is a cladogram.
As deeper STR and SNP testing evolves, the phylogenetic trees in the genealogical time frame, STR cladograms, and old fashioned genealogical pedigrees are merging into single trees of ancestry from a common person.
Haplotype, in genetics, is a group of genes (i.e. coding-region segments of DNA) that are inherited together and exist in a number of individuals. Most usually restricted to a single chromosome and usually in proximity to each other. They do not distinguish the type of marker (SNP vs STR or other). Often haplotypes, in general biology, are grouped together to define a haplogroup. Sometimes, a haplotype can be the designation of very close proximity SNPs within a gene.
In genetic genealogy, the haplotype is the determined STR values of an individuals' yDNA chromosome. Specifically, the testing of the non-recombining portions of the Y chromosome. And testing for stable STR values that generally occur in the non-coding region of the DNA. So, for genetic genealogy purposes, associate haplotype with a yDNA STR testing result.
The number of STR markers tested and the value result of each marker determines the haplotype. There are over 500 known STR markers on the Y chromosome. The comparison of haplotypes is often expressed as a genetic distance.
Genetic genealogists have been able to time-order STR value changes within family branches by utilizing the genealogy of the testers. Sometimes this order is expressed in a tree-like diagram. A mis-appropriated term used to describe these tree diagrams is a cladogram.
As deeper STR and SNP testing evolves, the phylogenetic trees in the genealogical time frame, STR cladograms, and old fashioned genealogical pedigrees are merging into single trees of ancestry from a common person.
Haplotype, in genetics, is a group of genes (i.e. coding-region segments of DNA) that are inherited together and exist in a number of individuals. Most usually restricted to a single chromosome and usually in proximity to each other. They do not distinguish the type of marker (SNP vs STR or other). Often haplotypes, in general biology, are grouped together to define a haplogroup. Sometimes, a haplotype can be the designation of very close proximity SNPs within a gene.
External Reference
- Phillips Project definition
- Nature education definition
- USA NIH definition
- Wikipedia definition
- Merriam-Webster dictionary definition
- IDT Genotyping Terms page