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Genetics
- Ad-mixture (aka Ethnicity Mix)
- Allosomes (Sex chromosomes X & Y)
- Autosomes (Chromosomes 1-22)
- Base Pair
- CE Testing (1st Wave)
- centiMorgan (cM)
- Chromosomes
- Clade
- Cladogram
- dbSNP, rsID, NIH, etc
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Derived & Ancestral
- Endogamy or Pedigree Collapse
- epigenetics
- Gene
- Genetic Marker
- Genome Build (aka Reference Model)
- Genotyping
- Haplogroup
- Haploid & Diploid
- Haplotype
- Imputation
- Low Coverage Sequencing
- Meiosis & Mitosis
- Microarray Testing (2nd Wave)
- Microarray File Formats (aka RAW)
- Mito Build (rCRS, Yoruba, RSRS)
- Mitochondria
- Modal
- Null Allele
- Pangenome
- Phylogenetic Tree
- Probes, Primers, Adaptors and Tags
- Recombination (aka Cross-Overs)
- Sampling Techniques
- Sequencing (3rd Wave)
- Sequencing File Formats
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
- Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
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Genealogy
- Ahnentafel number
- Ancestor and Descendant
- Birth, Marriage and Death (BMD)
- Branches
- Consanguinity
- Cousins
- Deep Ancestry
- Earliest Known Ancestor (EKA)
- Family (Nuclear, and Household)
- Genealogical Exchange Database (GEDCom)
- Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)
- Genealogical Records
- Genealogical Time Frame (aka last 500 years)
- Genealogical Tool
- Genealogical Trees
- Generation Difference (GD)
- Individuals
- Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- Née
- Not Parent Expected (NPE)
- One-Tree (aka World Tree)
- Patriline & Matriline
- Places
- Repositories
- Siblings
- Sources
- Surname, One-Name and Family Branch Studies
- Years Before Present (ybp)
- (Genetic Genealogy) Terms
- Genetics Industry
- (Genetic Genealogy and Ancient DNA) Industry
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- Ad-mixture (aka Ethnicity Mix)
Admixture, as defined in genetics, is the identification of groups of SNPs that come from some earlier population. Likely isolated and interbred for several generations to make the "signature" unique to them. Admixture analysis is what results in the ethnicity pie charts popular with the genetic genealogy testing companies and mostly focuses on using the atxDNA results. This study is more concerned with regional origins in a more recent time period where haplogroup and phylogenetic trees are more focused (traditionally) on ancient populations and migrations. But this is evolving.
This has been a developing science from population genetics simply because (a) there has not been widespread enough testing to truly uniquely identify clusters of SNPs to particular populations and (b) it relies on testing current individuals and surmising their genetic heritage / background. But great strides have been made of recent outside the academic setting by the genetic genealogy testing companies like Ancestry and 23andMe due to their large databases of testers. So much so that Ancestry is actually tracking clusters to immigrants and time periods in North American colonization. And 23andMe has been identifying DNA clusters down to not just a country but county districts within countries. Some of this was likely spurred by LivingDNA starting from some seminal research work on identifying clusters within U.K. counties.
This has been a developing science from population genetics simply because (a) there has not been widespread enough testing to truly uniquely identify clusters of SNPs to particular populations and (b) it relies on testing current individuals and surmising their genetic heritage / background. But great strides have been made of recent outside the academic setting by the genetic genealogy testing companies like Ancestry and 23andMe due to their large databases of testers. So much so that Ancestry is actually tracking clusters to immigrants and time periods in North American colonization. And 23andMe has been identifying DNA clusters down to not just a country but county districts within countries. Some of this was likely spurred by LivingDNA starting from some seminal research work on identifying clusters within U.K. counties.
External References
- Strider, Daniel, "Overview of Admixture Mapping", Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2013 Jan; CHAPTER: Unit1.23. oi: 10.1002/0471142905.hg0123s76
- Khan, Razib, Analyzing ancestry with admixture, step by step, Discover Magazine, 14 Mar 2011 (utilizing the http://software.genetics.ucla.edu/admixture/UCLA Admixture tool)
- Wikipedia Genetic Admixture