Hoare Genealogy 03: The location and early radiation of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families.

By David G Hoare.

Created: December 2014; last updated 27 July 2017;

In this group of papers I explore the genealogy of clusters of people, numbering in total about 16,000, who share the surnames Hore, Hoar or Hoare (or a few other minor variants of these names) and who lived in England between the early 1500s and the early 1900s. These clusters appear to have originated principally in the counties along the south coast of England, in Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Sussex, Surrey and Kent, but also in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, and in Gloucestershire. They include the family of Hore of Chagford which lived at or near Rushford Manor near Chagford, west of Exeter in Devon, from the early 1300s (Hoare (1883), Hoare (2012) & Vivien (1895)). I show that these clusters appear to arise by radiation outward over the years from a limited number parishes which act as growth points, some concentrated along the road link between Exeter and Plymouth in south Devon (cf ‘Map families South Devon’), some in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire (‘Map families Buckinghamshire’) and others distributed more widely along the south coast of England (cf ‘Map families Coastal’) in a way which suggests that communication by coastal shipping may have been important.

This genealogy works forward in time from the origins of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families, and is intended to complement and work closely with the important research of many current members of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families who are working backwards in time through their family trees seeking their origins. Much of this latter research is coordinated through the international H600 Project (cf section 1.1 below) where genealogy and DNA‑based techniques are used to detect where individual family trees can be grouped towards a common ancestor. The DNA‑based research currently suggests that Hore/Hoar/Hoare families may have arisen independently on at least four occasions.

This paper provides an overall survey of the results and of the data and methods used. The individual genealogies are explored in detail in the following papers.

Contents:

1. Introduction.

1.1. Relating this research to the H600 Project.

2. The Origins of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare Clusters of the south of England.

2.1. The Plymouth-Exeter axis.

2.2. The coastal growth centres.

2.3. The Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire area.

2.4. The Gloucestershire area

2.5. London

3. Data and methods

3.1. Data Sources.

3.2. Method for assembling the genealogy.

3.3. Computing software.

4. Discussion and conclusions.

5. References

1. Introduction.

In an earlier paper (Hoare, 1999), I found that the great majority of people named Hore, Hoar or Hoare in Britain appeared to originate from three growth points in the early 1500s, near Plymouth in Devon, near Portsmouth in Hampshire and in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, from which three clusters expanded until they merged together to cover southern England. This process is illustrated in the maps Map 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800 and 1850 (taken from Hoare, 1999) accompanying this paper which show the number of Hore/Hoar/Hoare christenings or marriages located from the IGI (International Genealogical Index) within each 25 km square in England and Wales over a succession of 50 year intervals from 1500 to 1900. Scanning through these maps reveals three clusters growing from centres near Plymouth and Exeter in south Devon, near Portsmouth in south Hampshire and in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, with perhaps a smaller cluster near Gloucester. A further cluster soon grew in London.

The growth of these clusters might suggest that they originated in a single family or a few families in the early 1500s, yet other evidence suggests that the names Hore, Hoar and Hoare have been quite widely distributed nationally and in Devon in earlier years. Hoare (1883, p.1-5) cites numerous occurrences of the names across England from the 13^th to the 17^th centuries. In Devon, the Devon Lay Subsidy of 1332 and the Devon Subsidy Roll of 1524-1527 (in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 below) show that the Hore name was quite widely distributed. There is not necessarily any contradiction here as it is possible that only a few of these families survived in the late 1400s or early 1500s from which the subsequent population grew.

The purpose of this group of papers is to clarify this matter by exploring in more detail how the clusters of Hore/Hoar/Hoare family members in the early 1530s grew. I explore whether the data will permit me to construct a genealogy tracing how these clusters grew through successive generations of individual families. Since the data is inevitably incomplete such a genealogy will only be a study of feasibility and a ‘best fit’ approximation to reality, and could and should be improved for particular families of interest by further data-gathering and study. A genealogy of this type should provide information about the processes by which a cluster can grow and spread, and whether the Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters could have grown from a single family origin or from several separate family origins.

A problem with this genealogical approach is that it focusses principally on the majority of Hore/Hoar/Hoare sons who lived and brought up their families not far from their birth places, thereby generating ‘core families’ matching the observed Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters, and it takes less account of the small minority of adventurous Hore/Hoar/Hoare sons who travelled some substantial distance before settling and bringing up their families, thereby generating a much more widely spread ‘diaspora of descendants’. The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families at Tackley in Oxfordshire (which had migrated from Leckhampton in Gloucestershire) and at Bow Brickhill in Buckinghamshire (which had migrated from Chagford near Exeter in Devon) are good examples of this ‘diaspora’ (cf section 2.3 below and ‘Hoare Genealogy 08’).

The family branches of the H600 Project (cf section 1.1 below) are further excellent examples of this Hore/Hoar/Hoare ‘diaspora’ arising from adventurous sons of whom many emigrated to the USA or other far flung destinations and often were the ancestors of extensive and well documented families, e.g. the descendants of Hezekiah Hoare (b.1608; H600 Project family branch B01; Hoare of Axminster family in ‘Hoare Genealogy 08’) who emigrated to New England, USA in 1633 and had many distinguished descendants.

Two particularly large and well documented family branches contributing to this ‘diaspora’ spring from the Hoare of Greens Norton family (cf ‘Hoare Genealogy 08’). The descendants of Edward Hoare (b.1621 at Greens Norton; H600 Project family branch K01 – see section 1.1 below) migrated first to southern Ireland forming the ‘Hoare of Annabella’ family, and then, in part, returned to London; this branch includes about 480 Hore/Hoar/Hoare descendants. The descendants of Henry Hore (b.c.1592; H600 Project family branch K02 – see section 1.1 below) migrated to London where they included the family which founded and manage the current Hoare’s Bank of Fleet Street, London (C Hoare & Co); this branch includes about 690 Hore/Hoar/Hoare descendants.

The large Hore/Hoar/Hoare cluster which developed around central London appears also to be at least principally part of the ‘diaspora’, the descendants of adventurous sons who, like Dick Whittington, migrated to the capital city to make their fortunes. In general, the spread of the Hore/Hoar/Hore name across much of central and southern England in modern times probably arises by similar migrations. I hope that in time it may be possible to extend this work to map more this diaspora.

In recent years, studies using DNA analysis have been used, notably by the H600 Project, to establish whether apparently related branches of a family do in fact share a common ancestor. For this reason I have taken care to identify within each family the male Hore/Hoar/Hoare descendants with birth dates between 1881 and 1911 who may prove to be ancestors of contemporary descendants who will be willing the involve themselves in this type of DNA-based research.

This paper presents a survey and summary of the growth points of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families which I have identified and their geographical distribution, and explains the nature of the genealogical data on which this study is based and the criteria and methods used. Subsequent papers explore in detail the growth of individual clusters of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families.

1.1. Relating this research to the H600 Project.

An important aim of this project, working forward in time from Hore/Hoar/Hoare origins, is to unite these research results with those of the H600 Project which uses genealogy and DNA‑based techniques to assist the family trees of current individual Hore/Hoar/Hoare families to work backward in time towards their ancestors. For this reason a short practical account is included here of how the data within the H600 Project is organised and has progressed.

The H600 Project works primarily with ‘family branches’ (‘patriarch lines’), the individual family trees of current researchers, which are each given a label (B01, B12, K02, etc), a ‘defining ancestor’ who is an early ancestor in the branch, often the earliest known ancestor, and are also often associated with a known location. These ‘family branches’ may then be collected into groups (also labelled e.g. B09, B13 etc) where there is genealogical or DNA evidence that the ‘family branches’ may share a common ancestor. The challenge in this project is therefore is to match and, so far as possible, unite the H600 ‘family branches’ and groups with the various families which emerge in this project from family origins. This is a topic which is addressed in each of the subsequent sections dealing with particular English counties, and an overall view is provided in ‘Maps families coastal’.

The H600 Project uses two principal types of DNA techniques, STR (short tandem repeat) and SNP (single polynucleotide polymorphism). The SNP results place a ‘family branch’ within a particular ‘haplogroup’ (e.g. R1b-U106) which is generally most useful in establishing or refuting the existence of a common ancestor with other ‘family branches’ over a relatively long timescale by comparison with the haplogroups of these other ‘family branches’. The STR results are generally most useful in confirming the membership of individual ‘family branches’ within particular groups.

The present DNA-SNP results suggest that the current Hore/Hoar/Hoare population may be descended from at least six independent origins of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare surname. Four ‘family branches’ (B01, B03, B05 & K01) have been identified with parallel haplogroups which diverged around 4000 years ago, well before inherited surnames became common around 1300-1400 AD. They are part of the large ‘parent’ haplogroup R1b-L151-P312 which contains ‘most of the historical, ethnic "white" European males’. The assignment of B03 appeared to be provisional only as it is still listed under ‘Haplogroup R-Unknown’. On the basis of a single SNP determination (U106), the B02 ‘family branch’ is provisionally assigned to a fifth parallel haplogroup which also diverged around 4000 years ago. These ‘family branches’ are:

B01(Hezekiah Hoar b.1608 Sidmouth, Devon)

haplogroup R1b-L151-P312-U152-L2

B05 (Richard Hoare b.bef.1515 Leckhampton, Gloucestershire)

haplogroup R1b-L151-P312-U152-Z192

B03 (Thomas Hoare b.1649 Chilham, Kent) - provisional

haplogroup R1b-L151-P312-L21-DF13

K01 (Maj. Edward Hoare d.1690 Co.Cork, Ireland)

haplogroup R1b-L151-P312-D27

B02 (John Hore b.1589 Cornwall, England) – single SNP determination

haplogroup R1b-L151-U106

The B00 group (Charles Hoare b.1586 Gloucester) is assigned to a much more distantly related haplogroup I1‑L338 which diverged from the others at a much earlier date.

2. The Origins of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare Clusters of southern England.

Using the data and methods described below, I have assembled a ‘best fit’ genealogy for the Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters of southern England which shows that they grew from a limited number of growth points in the early 1500s. Ten of these, including the family of Hore of Chagford, lie near to the main road passing through Plymouth and Exeter (cf ‘Map families South Devon’) while a further twenty one lie further afield (cf ‘Map families Coastal’ and ‘Map families Buckinghamshire’). The proximity of many of these to the sea suggests that travel by coastal shipping may have provided an important mechanism in radiating outwards from the initial growth points over much longer distances than would have been practicable overland.

2.1. The Plymouth-Exeter axis.

There was a cluster of ten growth points stretching for about 85 km roughly along the line of the main road passing through Plymouth and Exeter within which Hore/Hoar/Hoare families appear to have been active around 1538 when parish records began, and these are shown in ‘Map families South Devon’ and in table 1. Given the relatively good communications along the road running through Plymouth and Exeter, it seems reasonable to suggest that these families may have been related through earlier generations back to a common ancestor. The table shows the total number of descendants from each family excluding unrelated spouses, and the number of male descendants born between 1881 and 1911, as well as the date of the earliest Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening and the date of the earliest available entry in the parish register. The descendants in this group comprise 22% of the total in southern England.

Table 1. Growth points along the Plymouth-Exeter axis.

	A	B	C	D
St Keyne	28	0	1548	1539
Landulph	730	54	1542	1540
Plymouth	44	0	1581	1581
Ugborough	970	83	1543	1538
Buckfastleigh	613	42	1600	1596
Bovey Tracey	322	4	1540	1537
Hennock	20	0	1541	1541
Chagford*	117	1
Bridford	268	12	1539	1537
Exeter	429	24	1544	1538
TOTALS	3541	220

Column headings: A – number of descendants excluding spouses; B – number of male descendants with birth date>1880; C – earliest Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening; D – earliest record in parish register;* - data derived separately and excludes descendants of Charles Hore (b.1703) and James Hore (b.1709) who are in ‘Genealogy Bow Brickhill’, see text and Hoare (2012).

2.2. The other coastal growth centres.

The remainder of the two Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters adjoining the south coast of England near Plymouth and Portsmouth appear to be descended from thirteen other growth points of which all but two lie close to the coast so that communication between them via coastal shipping may have been possible. These growth centres are shown in ‘Map families Coastal’ and in table 2 starting in Kent in the east and progressing westward along the coast. The descendants in this group comprise 64% of the total in southern England. The growth centres of Landulph, Plymouth and Exeter (through its port at Topsham, 5 km to the south) mentioned in the preceding section also have ready access to coastal shipping.

Table 2. Growth points around the south coast of England.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Biddenden	1400	151	1544	1538	20	490	20 km N of Rye
Dorking	818	32	1539	1538	35/44	425	44 km N of Brighton
Catherington **	2878	261	1572	1538	15	360	15 km N of Portsmouth
Kingsclere **	797	59	1570	1543	45	360	45 km N of Southampton
Romsey **	305	19	1570	1569	12	360	12 km NW of Southampton
Canford Magna	402	112	1755	-	8	312	8 km N of Poole
Tolpuddle	270	29	1744	1732	15	255	25 km W of Poole
Axminster	1827	129	1539	1538	4	210	10 km NNE of Beer
St Austell/Roche	1299	116	1700	1564	3	45
St Just	201	3	1576	1540	0	75	5 km NE of Falmouth
Kilkhampton	363	18	1540	1539	5	370	7 km NE of Bude
Hartland	1	0	1562	1558	4	392	5 km W of Clovelly
Barnstaple	5	0	1542	1538	0	412
TOTALS	10566	929

Column headings: A – number of descendants excluding spouses; B – number of male descendants with birth date>1880; C – earliest Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening; D – earliest record in parish register; E – distance from the coast/km; F – distance from Plymouth along the coast/km; G – location; ** these refer to clusters of parishes rather than single parish growth points, earliest christenings are earliest in the cluster, distances from coast refer to the named parish.

2.3. The Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire area.

The Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire area, including southern Northamptonshire and Warwickshire, includes a group of seven growth points spaced over about 80 km along and around a main road (cf ‘Map families Buckinghamshire’) resembling the group of growth points along the Plymouth-Exeter axis (section 2.1 above) and raising the same possibility that there may have been relatively good communications along the road and that these families may have been related through earlier generations to a common ancestor.

Two of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare families included in this area migrated into the area from origins some distance away, and so are examples of the ‘diaspora’ created by the small minority of adventurous Hore/Hoar/Hoare sons who travelled some substantial distance before settling and bringing up their families (cf section 1 ‘Introduction’ above). One is the family at Tackley which had migrated from Leckhampton in Gloucestershire, and the other is the family at Bow Brickhill which had migrated from Chagford near Exeter in Devon.

Table 3. Growth clusters in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire and southern Northamptonshire and Warwickshire.

	A	B	C	D	E
Greens Norton**	325	0	c.1480		0
Padbury	4	0	1563	1538	20
Bow Brickhill	87	0	1732	1653	27
Aylesbury	40	0	1565	1564	35
Wing	62	0	1577	1546	35
Cuddesdon	938	25	1550	1541	45 (and 8 km from Oxford)
Great Missenden	429	19	1430	1575	60
Dorney	12	0	1549	1538	83
Tackley (Leckhampton)	395	44	-	-	34
TOTALS	2292	88

Column headings: A – number of Hore/Hoar/Hoare descendants excluding spouses;

B – number of male descendants with birth date>1880; C – earliest Hore/Hoar/Hoare birth/christening in family; D – earliest record in parish register; E – distance of named parish from Greens Norton/km; ** figures in columns A and B exclude the descendants of Edward Hoare (b.1621 at Greens Norton; H600 Project family branch K01), of Henry Hore (b.c.1592; H600 Project family branch K02), and of Richard Charles Hoare (b.1836, later Orr; H600 Project family branch B12) of the Orr family of Canada and USA (cf sections 1 and 1.1 above).

2.4. The Gloucestershire area.

I have not yet attempted to create a ‘best fit’ genealogy for the Hore/Hoar/Hoare cluster in the Gloucestershire area. Malcolm Hoare provides much valuable information on the early history of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare family in this area in his blog in the H600 Project website. His Hore/Hoar/Hoare family of Leckhampton near Cheltenham originated in this area before migrating to Tackley in Oxfordshire (cf section 2.3 above).

2.5. London

A large Hore/Hoar/Hoare cluster developed from the 1500s centred in the City of London and the adjacent boroughs westward towards Westminster and expanded outwards into neighbouring boroughs in Middlesex, Surrey and Kent. It appears that most if not all of this cluster arise from the inward migration of the more adventurous sons of other ‘core’ Hore/Hoar/Hoare families who, like Dick Whittington, migrated to the capital city to make their fortunes, thus forming part of the ‘diaspora’ referred to in section 1 (Introduction).

3. Data and methods.

3.1. Data Sources.

The data in which this study is based consists almost entirely of transcriptions of parish records and of census records currently available on line. For a few parishes (Christow, Chudleigh, Dawlish and Doddiscombsleigh in Devon) I used a microfiche reader in my local library to transcribe the relevant entries from microfiche copies of the original parish records when the records were not available on line and where the census records suggested that significant numbers of Hore/Hoar/Hoare records would be found.

The earliest parish records commence in 1538 but in most parishes the earliest surviving records start from a later date. The census records cover the period 1841-1911 and from 1851 these record birth places (rather than in 1841 just recording whether or not the participant was still living in his/her county of birth).

My first paper identifying the Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters (Hoare, 1999) was based on transcribed parish records from the IGI (the International Genealogical Index maintained and made available by The Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)). In this present work since 2011, I have used the transcribed parish records from the FamilySearch website which is based on an updated and expanded version of the IGI database which I had used in 1999 (which provided christening and marriage records only). I used the transcribed Cornish parish records and those for Plymouth and its immediate environs provided by the FindMyPast website (which provides christening, marriage and burial records). The census transcripts were provided by TheGenealogist website which also provides a facility for locating ‘families’ which appear to be identified as two or more people with the same surname listed in sequence at a single address. I retrieved from these sources the records relating to the surnames Hore, Hoare and Hoar (and the minor variants Hoor, Hoore, Horre, Whore and Whoore).

The use of the variant Hore, Hoar, Hoare, etc names varies so much between families, within families and even for a particular person at differing times and places that I have made no attempt to establish any definitive practice defining which variant will be used for a particular person in the genealogy. No identification of a person in the genealogy should be confirmed or rejected on the basis of matching a particular variant of the surname (e.g. William Henry Hore in the genealogy may well appear as the William Henry Hoar in other records).

The data provided by the FamilySearch website is generally far from complete and accurate, both in not covering a significant fraction of the existing parishes, and in errors of transcription. The FindMyPast website appears to provide a much more complete and reliable set of parish transcripts for Cornwall and Plymouth, and they are currently working on providing a similar set of transcripts for Devon parishes which may allow future improvements to the genealogies reported here.

3.2. Method for assembling the genealogy.

Assembling this genealogy is like assembling a flexible jigsaw puzzle from which an unknown number of pieces are missing. It consists of two processes. The first is identifying and assembling the family units (parents and children) which are the pieces of the jigsaw. The second is joining together the families by establishing child-adult links between each parent and his/her birth record, equivalent to assembling the jigsaw. In general identifying and assembling the families is relatively easy while joining them together can be more problematic.

A family can generally be identified in a parish record as a succession of reasonably spaced christenings of children with the same father (and mother in most cases), sometimes preceded by a record of the parent’s marriage. Difficulties arise when the marriage and christenings are distributed between neighbouring parishes, when a record has been omitted or wrongly entered or transcribed or when, for a particular birth, the parents’ marriage or the child’s christening never happened.

A family can be identified in a census record as a cluster of residents with the same surname at the same address where the family relationships are generally spelled out. TheGenealogist website allows such families to be selected. The same family and its development can be traced each decade in successive census entries. The problem is that the listing does not include non-resident family members who may have grown up and left home or simply been absent on the day of the census.

Establishing child-adult links between families identified from the census (from 1851) is relatively easy as the parent’s and children’s age and place of birth are specified and it is generally possible to identify the matching birth record of the parents from this information. Difficulties can arise because the birth dates declared in the census records are not always accurate and can vary by several years between successive censuses, and because the named place of birth may vary, perhaps specifying a village in one entry and the nearest town in the next entry.

Establishing child-adult links between families identified from parish records is much more problematic as the parent’s age and place of birth are rarely specified and the link has to be made to the most probable birth record with the child’s name matching that of the adult parent in question. The suitability of a possible matching birth record is assessed principally on whether the resulting age of the parent when his/her children are born is reasonable, and how far the parent’s birth place is from his/her subsequent family home.

I gained some objective information to assist in making these judgements by analysing the 1851 census entries for 99 Hore/Hoar/Hoare families in Devon. The entries allowed me to calculate the distance between birth place and adult family home for the father in each family and the results showed that 55 fathers were still in the parish in which they had been christened. The median distance moved by the remaining 44 fathers was 6 km, and only ten of these had moved more than 20 km. I therefore gave a high priority in establishing child-adult links to possible links within the parish in which the father had been christened, or to neighbouring parishes. This appears to work quite well in mapping the growth of the ‘core families’ which match the several Hore/Hoar/Hoare clusters found across southern England but, as noted above in the Introduction, it tends to conceal the small minority of more adventurous sons who travel further to form a widespread ‘diaspora of descendants’.

The earliest census was in 1841 and I had to establish child-adult links from families identified in this and subsequent censuses into the earlier parish records. In general this was reasonably successful but there were four parishes in particular (Christow, Chudleigh, Dawlish and Doddiscombsleigh in Devon) where apparently significant census entries could not be matched as the parish records had not been transcribed in the FamilySearch website. I obtained microfiche copies of the original parish records for these parishes and located and transcribed the relevant Hore/Hoar/Hoare entries.

In many families where the father has a frequently occurring name such as John or William there may be several equally possible child-adult links between which an arbitrary choice must be made. In other cases, there may be no reasonable child-adult link available within the data and I then assume that the actual birth record is unavailable for one of the reasons discussed earlier. In these latter cases I create a child-adult link placing the parent as a child into the most suitable Hore/Hoar/Hoare family nearby and marking this with a ‘!!?’ symbol following the birth date in the genealogy. About 20% of the child-adult links established are placements of this kind.

An important question in establishing child-adult links in parish records, related to the possible migration of families, is whether or not a parent is an in-comer from another parish. Based on the data from the 1851 census cited above, my preference has been to establish child-adult links where possible to earlier birth records within the same parish. But when there are no earlier Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening records in the parish, the question arises whether this is simply because the records of actual earlier births are for some practical reason absent, or whether there are no such births when the father must therefore be an in-comer to the parish. This question arises particularly for early records not long after parish records started to be recorded in 1538. The actual date for the first christening, marriage and burial records for any parish available online can be determined experimentally for the particular website being used, and these dates are usually different for the christening, marriage and burial records and not often as early as 1538. I have generally adopted the criterion that if a Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening record is preceded by about 30 years of parish christening records containing no Hore/Hoar/Hoare christening records, then the parent is very likely to be an in-comer to the parish, and I would seek to establish child-adult links for the parents elsewhere.

3.3. Computing software.

I have used the Pedigree genealogical program (version 2.6N) as my principal tool for entering, exploring and manipulating genealogies. The powerful ‘filter’ facility provided by Pedigree for searches has been invaluable in establishing child-adult links, since it allows the entry of complex filtering criteria. As the database holding Hore/Hoar/Hoare genealogy was large (exceeding 1 Mbyte) it was necessary to use Pedigree in ‘huge’ mode (i.e. with a ‘/huge’ switch in the command line which runs the programme). This will accommodate a database up to 4 Mbytes which was sufficient.

I have run Pedigree on desk-top and lap-top computers using the Windows 7 and Windows 10 operating systems. It was possible to run Pedigree, which is a DOS programme, directly within the version of Windows 7 used on the lap-top which uses 32 bit words. Pedigree will not run within the Windows 7 version on the desk-top computer and within Windows 10 which use 64 bit words but it can be used within a shell created by the DOS Box programme designed for running old DOS programmes.

4. Discussion and conclusions.

This discussion is concerned only with general issues relating to the whole project, and specific points of local interest and priority and discussed in the ‘Conclusions’ sections of the accompanying ‘Hoare Genealogy 04-09’ papers.

The results reported above and in the following papers make it clear that the three clusters of Hore/Hoar/Hoare records, detected in my preliminary studies in 1999 as radiating from around Plymouth in south Devon, around Portsmouth in south Hampshire, and in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, can be represented as plausible ‘best-fit’ genealogies based on parish records and census records between 1538 and 1911.

The results show that these three principal clusters did not radiate from three single parishes around 1538, when church records began in England, but rather from three clusters of parishes. The question of interest is whether, during the preceding two hundred years or so since inherited surnames became common in England around 1350, these three clusters of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families may have been descended from three, or even one, ancestral Hore/Hoar/Hoare families.

One plausible mechanism by which an ancestral family can radiate outwards is by local overland migration and marriage from one parish to neighbouring parishes. In south Devon, the ten parishes acting as growth points are grouped along the line of the Plymouth to Exeter main road (table 1 and ‘Map families South Devon’). They are only separated by 10‑15 km from each other which would allow easy communication. A similar situation exists with the eight parishes acting as growth points spaced along or around the line of the Roman Watling Street in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire (table 3 and ‘Map families Buckinghamshire’).

This local overland migration mechanism is supported by Y‑chromosomal DNA‑results which have provided direct evidence of a common ancestor for two Hore/Hoar/Hoare families in neighbouring villages, Greens Norton in Northamptonshire and Walton near Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, separated by 25 km along Watling Street (cf ‘Hoare Genealogy 02’, section 1). The descendants of Edward Hoare (b.1621 at Greens Norton in Northamptonshire; H600 Project family branch K01 – see section 1.1 above) which include the ‘Hoare of Annabella’ family, and the descendants of Henry Hore (b.c.1592; H600 Project family branch K02 – see section 1.1 above) of Walton near Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire which include the family which founded and manage the current Hoare’s Bank of Fleet Street, London (C Hoare & Co), do indeed share a common Hore/Hoar/Hoare ancestor and the current generations are related as 14th or 15th generation cousins.

The remaining parishes acting as Hore/Hoar/Hoare growth points are generally distributed along the south coast of England (table 2 and ‘Map families Coastal’), some grouped within range of easy overland migration and others more widely separated. The close proximity of many of these growth points to the coast suggests that coastal shipping may have provided a mechanism to broaden horizons and for travel for marriage or work opportunities over distances not readily undertaken by overland migration.

The process by which ancestral families expand slowly by overland migration to neighbouring parishes seeking work, opportunities and marriage tends to produce expanding yet geographically compact ‘core’ families (cf section 1 above). The methods and criteria I have use to assemble the ‘best-fit’ genealogies in this project are based on this process and so have produced a map of these ‘core’ Hore/Hoar/Hoare families across southern England which I hope will provide a useful basis for identifying the original ancestral Hore/Hoar/Hoare families. Census records from 1841 provide information on the occupations of the members of the Hore/Hoar/Hoare ‘core’ families which are documented in the accompanying papers and, in general, these occupations seem to be typical of the population of the southern English shires, except that in Cornwall the mining and china clay industries were significant employers.

However, there have always been a minority of adventurous sons who have travelled much further afield in search of opportunity and marriage, perhaps overland or perhaps by coastal shipping, thereby creating a geographically far-flung ‘diaspora’ of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families in Britain and abroad, and notably among the opportunities of London (cf section 1 above). The purpose of this project, to assist in linking back from the family trees of current Hore/Hoar/Hoare families to their original ancestral families, will often require linking back from this ‘diaspora’ to the ‘core’ families from which it arose.

The DNA results provided so far by the H600 Project (cf section 1.1 above) indicate that at least four Hore/Hoar/Hoare families have emerged independently sharing no common ancestor in the last 4000 years or so. One is in the south Devon cluster (H600 family branch B01, in the Hoare of Axminster family), one is in the Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire area (H600 family branch K01, in the Hoare of Greens Norton family) and two are in the Gloucestershire area (H600 family branches B00 and B05). There may possibly be two others, one in Cornwall (H600 family branch B02, in the Hoare of St Austell/Roche family) and one in Kent (H600 family branch B03, in the Hoare of Biddenden family).

These results demonstrate that the present Hore/Hoar/Hoare population originated in a number of ancestral Hore/Hoar/Hoare families which share no common ancestor in the last 4000 years or so, but also that these ancestral families were capable individually of radiating outwards, both to form geographically compact ‘core’ families, and by the travelling of a minority of more adventurous sons for greater distances, to contribute to a widely-distributed ‘diaspora’ of Hore/Hoar/Hoare families.

The challenge now is to identify how many current Hore/Hoar/Hoare clans there are which are unrelated in that they share no common ancestor in the last few thousand years, to identify the geographical locations and extent of the ‘core’ family for each, and to identify the far-flung family branches which each ‘core’ family contributes to the Hore/Hoar/Hoare ‘diaspora’. The increasing availability of DNA research techniques in combination with traditional genealogical techniques provide a great opportunity. All that is needed is enthusiastic interest and involvement from current Hore/Hoar/Hoare family members in exploring their families trees and their DNA inheritance, and in sharing their findings through the H600 Project and the project described in this set of papers.

5. References:

Hoare (1883) “The Early History and Genealogy of the Families of Hore and Hoare.” Captain E Hoare. (Alfred Russell Smith, 36 Soho Square, London 1883)

Hoare (1999) “Hoare Genealogy 01: Origins of the Hore and Hoare Families: A Progress Report.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2012) “Hoare Genealogy 02: The Family of Hore of Chagford, A Review.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2014b) “Hoare Genealogy 04: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of the Plymouth-Exeter Axis.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2014c) “Hoare Genealogy 05: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of Cornwall and North Devon.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2014d) “Hoare Genealogy 06: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of East Devon and Dorset.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2015) “Hoare Genealogy 07: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of Hampshire, Sussex and Wiltshire.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2016) “Hoare Genealogy 08: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of the Buckinghamshire Cluster.” D G Hoare, in this website.

Hoare (2017) “Hoare Genealogy 09: The Hore/Hoar/Hoare families of Kent and Surrey.”

Vivian (1895) “The Visitations of the County of Devon comprising the Herald’s Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620 with additions by Lieutenant-Colonel J L Vivian” (Henry S Eland, Exeter, 1895).

Appendix 1:

	Devonshire Lay Subsidy of 1332 (ed Audrey M Erskine): Hore, etc entries
Seventeen lay subsidies were raised 1290-1334; the money seems to be the amount to be paid;
1/10 of assessment in towns, 1/15 of assessment in country; poor people <8d to pay were exempt.

Name		Charge	Place
Hore	William le	12d	Galmpton
Hore	Henry	12d	Rattery
Hore	Ralph	10d	Yealmpton & Noss
Hore	Adam	8d	Men of the Prior (tenants of Prior of Plympton)
Hora	John	8d	Tawstock
Hore	Thomas	8d	Pickwell
Hore	Laurance	8d	Ayshford
Hore	William	9d	Colyton
Hore	Ralph	8d	Combeinteignhead
Hore	Richard	8d	Ringmore
Hore	Nicholas	8d	Rocombe
Hore	Robert	8d	Doddiscombsleigh
Hore	John	14d	Harberton
Hore	Henry	12d	Totnes, Coleridge Hundred
Hore	John le	3s	Bideford
Hore	Nicholas	3s	Bideford

Appendix 2:

	Devon Subsidy Roll 1524-1527 (Hore, etc entries)
Name		Asset	£	Parish
Hore	Philip	Goods	2.00	Sydmouth
Hore	Thomas	Goods	8.00	Axmynster
Hore	Philip	Goods	8.00	Columpton (Cullompton)
Hore	John	Wage	1.33	Calwoodley (Calverleigh)
Hore	John (jun)	Goods	2.00	Calwoodley (Calverleigh)
Hore	Robert	Goods	40.00	Chagford (1524-5)
Hore	William	Goods	80.00	Chagford (1526-7)
Hore	John	Wage	1.00	Tettburn (Tedburn St Mary)
Hore	Robert	Goods	8.00	Dunsford
Hoer	William	Wage	1.00	Dunsford
Hore	William	Goods	2.00	Brydford (Bridford)
Hore	John	Wage	1.00	Hevytre (Heavitree)
Hore	Thomasin	Land	1.80	Northham (Northam)
Hoor	Roger	Wage	1.00	Lepford (Lapford)
Hore	John	Goods	2.00	Kylbery Tithing (Kilbury in Buckfastleigh)
Hore	William	Goods	20.00	Ugborough
Hore	John	Goods	2.00	Ugborough
Hore	William (jun)	Goods	2.00	Herberton (Harberton)
Hore	James	Goods	1.00	Cornwurthy (Cornworthy)
Hore	James	Wage	1.00	Cornwurthy (Cornworthy)
Hore	John	Goods	3.00	Stokynham (Stokenham)
Hore	Gervys	Goods	6.00	Carsewyll Abbott (Abbotskerswell)
Hore	James	Goods	10.00	Chudlegh (Chudleigh)
Hore	John	Wage	1.00	Ayston (Ashton)
Hore	John (Richard)	Goods	3.00	Bovytracy (Bovey Tracey)
Hore	William	Goods	3.00	Bovytracy (Bovey Tracey)
Hore	Thomas	Wage	1.00	Bovytracy (1526-7) (BoveyTracey)
Hore	Richard	Wage	1.00	Heghwyke (Highweek)
Hore	Geoffrey	Land	1.00	Hennocke (Hennock)
Hore	Geoffrey	Goods	2.00	Hennocke (Hennock)
Hore	Edward	Goods	12.00	Kyngstaynton (Kingsteignton)
Hore	Nicholas	Goods	2.00	Kyngstaynton (Kingsteignton)